01 April 2024

Urinary Tract Infection

UTI, or urinary tract infection, is a medical condition involving an infection in the organs of the urinary system.

Urinary tract infections are more common in women because they have a shorter urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body) compared to men. As a result, bacteria around the vagina and anus can more easily enter and travel to the bladder.

UTIs are generally divided into two types:

• Lower urinary tract infection: A UTI that affects the lower urinary system, such as the urethra (urethritis) and the bladder (cystitis).
• Upper urinary tract infection: A UTI that involves the ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder) and the kidneys.

Causes of UTI
The primary cause of urinary tract infections is bacteria entering the urinary tract from the vagina or anus and growing in the bladder or urethra.

In addition, several factors can increase the risk of UTIs in women, including:

• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy make the vagina more moist, which facilitates bacterial growth.
• Menopause: A decrease in estrogen levels during menopause causes the vaginal tissues to become drier and thinner, making it easier for bacteria to multiply.
• Sexual activity: Penetration during intercourse can push bacteria from the vagina into the urinary tract.
• Using contraceptive devices.
• Using a catheter.
• Having kidney stones or urinary tract stones.
• Suffering from diseases that weaken the immune system, such as diabetes.

Symptoms of UTI

• Frequent urination.
• Pain in the bladder area (lower abdomen) during urination.
• Strong-smelling urine.
• Reduced urine output.
• Fatigue.
• Fever, especially if the infection has reached the kidneys.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Bloody urine (hematuria).

How to Treat UTI

1. Self-care:
   - Drink plenty of water.
   - Avoid caffeine and alcohol during treatment.
   - Apply a warm compress to the lower abdomen to relieve pain.
   - Avoid sexual activity until the UTI has completely healed.
   - Maintain vaginal hygiene. After urinating, women with UTIs should clean the vaginal area with clean water from front to back.
2. Consult a Doctor and Take Prescribed Medication.

Reviewed by : dr. Widi Angga Kusuma, M.K.K.

Source : Siloam Hospital Health Article

Picture : freepik.com