17 March 2024

What is Lymphoma?

Lymph node cancer, or lymphoma, is a type of blood cancer that can cause swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy). Lymphoma begins when cancerous cells attack one of the white blood cells (lymphocytes) responsible for fighting infections.

Lymphocytes are white blood cells responsible for killing bacteria and viruses. Besides circulating in the bloodstream, lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and digestive tract. When lymphocytes change and spread abnormally, malignant lymphoma occurs.

Types of Lymphoma
Lymphoma is divided into two types: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The main difference lies in the type of lymphocyte affected by cancer, which can be identified through microscopic examination.

Causes of Lymphoma

• Age 60 years or older, with a higher risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Age between 15–40 years or over 55 years, with a higher risk of developing Hodgkin lymphoma
• Male gender
• Weakened immune system, for instance, due to HIV/AIDS or long-term use of immunosuppressant drugs
• Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, lupus, or celiac disease
• Infections caused by Epstein-Barr, H. pylori, or hepatitis C
• Exposure to benzene or pesticides
• Previous radiotherapy treatment
• Family history of lymphoma

Symptoms of Lymphoma
The primary symptom of lymphoma is a lump in certain body parts, such as the neck, armpits, or groin. These lumps appear due to swollen lymph nodes.

In addition to lymph node swelling, lymphoma may cause symptoms such as:

• Fever
• Itching
• Fatigue
• Cough
• Night sweats
• Significant weight loss
• Shortness of breath

When to See a Doctor?
Consult a doctor if a lump appears in the neck, armpits, or groin due to swollen lymph nodes. These lumps may indicate lymphoma.

Reviewed by : dr. Innosensius Ibnu Ishwara, M.K.K.

Source : Alodokter Health Article

Picture : freepik.com